Part 1 of 14 - Chapter 13 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 1 of 50
	1.0 Points
What other term is used to describe psychodynamic theories?
	A. Gestalt psychology 	
	B. Third force 	
Correct 	C. Depth psychology 	
	D. Genetic psychology 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Well done! Psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theories form part of depth psychology, as it relates to unconscious aspects seated deep within people. See section 13.3.1
Question 2 of 50
	1.0 Points
In humanism, the development of personality happens ______.
	A. during early childhood 	
	B. during adolescence 	
Correct 	C. over the life span 	
	D. during adulthood 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Yes! Human personality and self image are best understood by their subjective existence in, and unique experiences of, reality, as well as the striving towards self-actualisation to realise internal potential, a process which occurs throughout life. Section 13.3.3
Question 3 of 50
	1.0 Points
A psychologist analyses someone’s personal history to gain a better understanding of his/her personality. What kind of data is being collected?
	A. T-data
	
Correct 	B. L-data 	
	C. P-data 	
	D. O-data 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Well done! L-data or life data is information from a person’s personal history. See section 13.7
Question 4 of 50
	1.0 Points
The ______ theory is used to identify personality characteristics, such as friendliness, helpfulness, practical orientation, insecurity and values.
	A. humanistic 	
	B. behaviourist 	
	C. social-cognitive 	
Correct 	D. trait 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Well done! According to trait theory, human behaviour is characterised by enduring and consistent patterns behaviour described in concepts such as dispositions, dimensions, traits, factors and types. See section 13.3.4
Part 2 of 14 - Chapter 13 Application 	4.0 Points

Question 5 of 50
	1.0 Points
A manager of a textile factory is concerned that employees of the packaging department are not motivated despite extensive training. The Industrial Psychologist of the organisation notes that the working environment and circumstances may have an influence on the loss of motivation. These aspects could best be studied by means of the ______ theory/theories regarding personality in the work context.
	A.

cognitive and social-cognitive
	
	B. trait and type 	
	C. psychosocial 	
Correct 	D. behaviourist or learning 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Well done! The factors identified relate to behaviourism, where environments and circumstances are the dominant influences on what people become and they may even override basic natural potential.Section 13.3.2
Question 6 of 50
	1.0 Points
Personality may not be as consistent across time as indicated by some theorists because psychologically specific situations may influence people in different ways. This assumption has been postulated by the ______ perspective on personality.
Correct 	A. cognitive 	
	B. trait/type 	
	C. behaviourist 	
	D. humanist 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Good work! Psychologically specific situations relate to the cognitive theory. See section 13.3.5
Question 7 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which one of the following approaches in psychology would typically make use of qualitative approaches to study and assess personality?
	A. Cognitive psychology 	
	B. Behaviourism 	
	C. Biological perspective 	
Correct 	D. Humanism 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Yes! Because humanism focuses on subjective experiences, the individual would be the best source for research in this approach and therefore, qualitative methods like interviews or narrative analysis would be applicable. See section 13.3.3
Question 8 of 50
	1.0 Points
Mike experiences distortion in his mental, physical and spiritual domains. This description of Mike refers to the ______ perspective on personality.
	A. Psychoanalytic 	
Correct 	B. African 	
	C. Biological 	
	D. Contextual 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Good work! African psychology explains personality and personality development as purposeful behaviour, a unitary concept of interdependent physical, mental and spiritual dimensions in harmony with the values of history, ecology, nature and the laws of life. See section 13.3.9
Part 3 of 14 - Chapter 14 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 9 of 50
	1.0 Points
Psychoanalysis emphasises the impact of ______ experiences on adult behaviour and the impact of the ______ on behaviour, personality and motivation
	A. childhood; environment 	
Correct 	B. childhood; unconscious 	
	C. workplace; environment 	
	D. workplace; unconscious 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 14.7
Question 10 of 50
	1.0 Points
In psychodynamic theory and in particular, object relations theory, Klein focused on the development of the ______, and Freud focused on the development of the ______.
Correct 	A. dyad; triad 	
	B. triad; dyad 	
	C. mother, father and infant; infant and significant other 	
	D. mother, father and infant; significant other, mother and father 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Section 14.4
Question 11 of 50
	1.0 Points
Freud's notion of the ______, refers to those experiences that are not easy to recall and which form the largest part of the mind.
	A. conscious 	
	B. preconscious 	
Correct 	C. unconscious 	
	D. superego 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Section 14.4
Question 12 of 50
	1.0 Points
According to Freud, the ______ is an evaluative agent that selects the behaviour that minimises pain while maximising pleasure.
	A. id 	
	B. ego 	
	C. superego 	
Incorrect 	D. suppressor 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 14.5
Part 4 of 14 - Chapter 14 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 13 of 50
	1.0 Points
Some neo-Freudians differ with and from from Freud because they ______.
	A. consider sexual fixation as an adult problem rather than one manifesting only in children. 	
	B. consider social factors as more determining than sexual instincts 	
Incorrect 	C. describe the id and ego as equally strong structures in personality functioning 	
	D. agree that peoples’ striving behaviour is determined by sexual or libidinal energy. 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Jung and other neo-Freudians had a more optimistic view of human nature, and they emphasised future directedness, potential growth and the influence of social and interpersonal factors. See sections 14.7 &14.8
Question 14 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which paradigm would describe Siyolo's behaviour as follows: Siyolo had an unhappy childhood and probably has a strong need to be in control of his life. This need resulted in a perfectionist orientation, where he tries to control, not only processes and procedures, but also people. He is motivated by the ''will to power" to overcome feelings of inferiority.
	A. Humanism 	
	B. Behaviourism 	
	C. Cognitive theory 	
Correct 	D. Psychoanalysis 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Yes! Psychoanalysis would refer to his childhood issues, his controlling nature and his inferiority issues. See section 14.5 in your prescribed book.
Question 15 of 50
	1.0 Points
While listening to your supervisor advising your sales team to enjoy the pleasures of the work and the advantages of being part of a successful company, but also to mind the pitfalls and rules which bound each employee’s behaviour, you realised that the supervisor is actually advocating a ______ model postulated by ______.
	A. Five factor; Freud 	
	B. conflict; Jung 	
	C. Five factor; Jung 	
Correct 	D. conflict; Freud 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Well done! Psychodynamic theories consider human behaviour as more or less dependent on conflicting forces outside the person’s conscious control. Conflict exists between what people naturally want to do (id) and what society has taught them they should do (superego). Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis.This approach is used to explain conflict between team members, and between team members and leaders. See section 14.2
Part 5 of 14 - Chapter 16 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 16 of 50
	1.0 Points
The trait descriptor in the Five Factor Model that best describes the openness to experience factor is ______.
Correct 	A. Values 	
	B. Anger 	
	C. Competence 	
	D. Altruism 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Values are a trait descriptor for openness to experience (p. 357 Sec 16.5.13)
Question 17 of 50
	1.0 Points
In trait psychology, the term temperament refers to ______.
Correct 	A. an emotional or mood expression 	
	B. an approach to describe personality factors 	
	C. the predominance of certain types behaviour over other types 	
	D. the innate energy underlying behaviour 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Section 16.9
Question 18 of 50
	1.0 Points
Cattell describes ______ as traits that may be present in many people and in various situations.
Incorrect 	A. common traits 	
	B. source traits 	
	C. surface traits 	
	D. unique traits 	

Answer Key: C
Question 19 of 50
	1.0 Points
In trait psychology, the term ergs refers to ______.
	A. an emotional or mood expression 	
Correct 	B. the innate energy underlying behaviour 	
	C. an approach to describe personality factors 	
	D. a body and emotional type 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 16.8
Part 6 of 14 - Chapter 16 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 20 of 50
	1.0 Points
In the selection process, applicants are assessed, evaluated and chosen according to their strengths and weaknesses with regard to specific personality attributes required in certain work situations. This selection approach seems to be based on the _____ approach to personality.
	A. psychodynamic
	
	B. cognitive 	
Correct 	C. trait 	
	D. behaviouristic 	

Answer Key: C
Question 21 of 50
	1.0 Points
If a person is expected to wait for an unreasonably long time before being served at a restaurant, this might affect his/her personality expression and behaviour. This is known as _______, according to one of the approaches to personality consistency.
	A. subsidiation 	
	B. situationism 	
Correct 	C. interteractionism 	
	D. trait instability 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Ch 16, sect 16.10, pp 369-3710
Question 22 of 50
	1.0 Points
Cattell believed that people's cognitive or ability traits of mental alertness or intelligence is largely ______ and is described by the concept of ______.
Incorrect 	A. learned; fluid intelligence 	
	B. inherited; fluid intelligence 	
	C. learned; crystallised intelligence 	
	D. inheritied; crystallised intelligence 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 16.8
Part 7 of 14 - Chapter 17 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 23 of 50
	1.0 Points
The humanists explain motivation in terms of finding ______ in life and achieving ______.
	A. physical perfection; self- transcendence 	
Correct 	B. meaning; self-actualisation 	
	C. financial success; self-actualisation 	
	D. acceptance from others; self- transcendence 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Good work! The humanists explain motivation in terms of finding meaning in life and achieving self- actualisation, optimal functioning, and well-being. See prescribed book section 17.6
Question 24 of 50
	1.0 Points
In humanistic theory, the term self-schemas refers to ______.
	A. people being in their world 	
Correct 	B. attributes people link to their personalities 	
	C. people’s external world 	
	D. aspects related to a specific culture 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 17.2
Question 25 of 50
	1.0 Points
In humanistic theory, the term "meta needs" refer to ______.
	A. feelings of excitement based on achieving or experiencing something 	
	B. basic physiological and safety needs 	
	C. motivation because of living or being 	
Correct 	D. growth or being-needs in people 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Section 17.6.2
Question 26 of 50
	1.0 Points
According to the humanistic and existential assumptions, an employee will not experience meaningfulness in their job if the employee _____.
	A. identifies with the job tasks 	
	B. is provided with regular feedback sessions 	
	C. has responsibility in the job 	
Correct 	D. only does routine tasks 	

Answer Key: D
Part 8 of 14 - Chapter 17 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 27 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which one of the concepts given below, which emphasise the positive and healthy nature of personality, explains the behaviour and attitude of the person in the following example? “My grandfather loves telling us stories about life and its lessons – he sees this as imparting a lifetime of learning to a younger generation.”
	A. Self-actualisation 	
Incorrect 	B. Self-realising 	
	C. Self-acceptance 	
	D. Emotional integration 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Chapter 17, textbook, section 17.7, Table 17.2 - this scenario is an example of emotional integration, where a person at older age realises certain life lessons and wisdom regarding life.
Question 28 of 50
	1.0 Points
In terms of perspective, psychoanalysis focuses on the ______ and humanism focuses on the ______.
	A. present; past 	
	B. future; present 	
Correct 	C. past; present 	
	D. present; future 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Psychoanalysis focuses on the past and humanism focuses on the present “here and now”. Section 17.3
Question 29 of 50
	1.0 Points
In South African studies on personality across many cultures, in conjunction with international research, it was found that the personality factors as postulated by the FFM of personality, have common features across these various cultures, however, differences with regard to specific attributes also exist in and between certain cultures and sub-cultures. This research on cultural variation in personality is an example of ______ research.
Correct 	A. etics 	
	B. emics 	
	C. discourse analysis 	
	D. social constructionism 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Section 17.2
Part 9 of 14 - Chapter 18 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 30 of 50
	1.0 Points
Based on Kelly's "person as scientist" principle, people are not controlled by past of present events, but rather control events based on _______.
	A. questions asked and answers found 	
Incorrect 	B. unconscious forces 	
	C. reward and punishment of behaviour 	
	D. passive response 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Whoops. Kelly believed that a person is not controlled by present events (as Skinner suggested) or past ones (as Freud suggested), but rather controls events depending on the questions raised and the answers found. The only way in which people can be enslaved by the past or present is through their interpretation of events (over which they have control). See section 18.2 in your prescribed book and the text box on page 394.
Question 31 of 50
	1.0 Points
Festinger sees basic motivation as an attempt to reduce ______.
Correct 	A. cognitive dissonance

	B. inner harmony 	
	C. self-consistency 	
	D. meaning systems 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Cognitive dissonance means that knowledge or different aspects or sources of knowledge about something may differ and thus create uncertainty or disequilibrium in people and their opinions, decisions and choices (Bergh & Theron 2013, section 18.4.3.2). Festinger sees basic motivation as an attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance. Basic motivation is the need to maintain unity or self-consistency. Individuals have the need to maintain unity (compare the concept of homeostasis) and not reduce it, as the question implies.
Question 32 of 50
	1.0 Points
The concept “perceptualisation” in cognitive psychology refers to ______.
	A. becoming aware of stimuli before the moment and meaning is gone. 	
	B. interpreting and giving meaning to internal and external stimuli. 	
Correct 	C. the process of obtaining and receiving information and integrating information into meaningful contents. 	
	D. the realisation of what the schemas in the core meaning system are. 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Section 18.5
Question 33 of 50
	1.0 Points
In cognitive psychology, knowledge is acquired through _____, which is the process by which events are detected and interpreted.
Correct 	A. perception 	
	B. learning 	
	C. memory 	
	D. retention 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Yes! Perception is the process by which events are detected and interpreted by the person. See section 18.1 in your prescribed book.
Part 10 of 14 - Chapter 18 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 34 of 50
	1.0 Points
A constructive and productive strategy in job and task design, if one considers possible undeveloped and under-used competencies of employees, is to ______.
	A. focus all the control in the management and supervision levels
	
Correct 	B. give sub-ordinates (employees) more autonomy and decision-making powers 	
	C. take care to have accurate job descriptions with adequate supervision 	
	D. retain skills by giving such employees higher salaries compared to competing employers 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 18.7
Question 35 of 50
	1.0 Points
Why is the REP Test valuable in cognitive research?
	A. Its findings can assist people to form and understand new constructs in their lives.
	
Correct 	B. People’s constructs can be determined by comparing and contrasting different aspects of meaning systems in and between people. 	
	C. It can be used to measure the levels of accommodation and assimilation in people's cognitive structures. 	
	D. It is especially valuable in determining the structure of cognition in personality. 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Section 18.6
Question 36 of 50
	1.0 Points
One of your friends is implicated in a theft and you react by deciding not to make a judgement until enough information has been collected. This indicates the use of ______ in the C-P-C cycle of cognitive theory.
	A. circumspection 	
	B. pre-emption 	
Correct 	C. control 	
	D. choice 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Section 18.8.1
Part 11 of 14 - Chapter 19 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 37 of 50
	1.0 Points
The ______ is theoretical, interdisciplinary and holistic in that explores both well-being and prevention over the life span within several contexts, including the work context.
	A. Self- determination Model 	
	B. Multi-dimensional Model of Well-being 	
	C. Broad and Build Theory 	
Correct 	D. Wheel of Wellness 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Well done! The Wheel of Wellness is theoretical, interdisciplinary and holistic in that explores both well-being and prevention over the life span within several contexts, including the work context. See section 19.3.3 in your prescribed book.
Question 38 of 50
	1.0 Points
According to Antonovsky, a ______ is any characteristic of the person, group, subculture or society that facilitates the avoidance or combating of a wide variety of stressors
	A. positive emotion 	
Correct 	B. generalised resistance resource 	
	C. well-being construct 	
	D. life stressor 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: Yes! Antonovsky used the concept of a generalised resistance resource (GRR). A GRR is any characteristic of the person, group, subculture or society that facilitates the avoidance or combating of a wide variety of stressors. See prescribed book section 19.4.1
Question 39 of 50
	1.0 Points
Within the construct of ______, eudaimonic happiness is used to describe well-being subjectively experienced and can be defined as having the presence of pleasure and absence of pain
Correct 	A. happiness

	
	B. hope and optimism 	
	C. virtues 	
	D. wisdom 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Happiness (p.423 Section 19.5.1)
Question 40 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which of the following descriptions refer to relational resources?
	A. Physical fitness 	
	B. Financial resources 	
Correct 	C. Relationships with others 	
	D. Knowledge and skills 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Yes! Interpersonal or relational resources refer to things such as social support and relationships with colleagues. See section 19.4.1 of your prescribed book.

Part 12 of 14 - Chapter 19 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 41 of 50
	1.0 Points
If one considers the facets or conditions for positive or good psychological and social well-being, it is clear that in life in general and in work for people to have a state of eudaimonia or a good quality life the following needs, namely ______ must be satisfied.
	A. friendship, love, acceptance and spirituality 	
	B. personal growth, self-acceptance and social contribution 	
Correct 	C. relatedness, autonomy and competence 	
	D. self-direction, independence and coherence 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Section 19.3.1
Question 42 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which one of the concepts of psychological and social well-being in the four alternatives explains the behaviour and attitude of the person in the following example? “Cecilia finds that contributing effectively to her community is a great source of comfort to her”.
	A. Social actualisation 	
Correct 	B. Social contribution 	
	C. Social coherence 	
	D. Self-acceptance 	

Answer Key: B
Feedback: section 19.3.1
Question 43 of 50
	1.0 Points
If in South African governance and many other agencies it is believed that people can make a difference together because they are good and have the potential, the ______ facets of well-being are being applied.
Correct 	A. social acceptance and social actualisation
	
	B. self-acceptance and personal growth 	
	C. positive relations and autonomy 	
	D. purpose in life and social contribution 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Section 19.3.1
Part 13 of 14 - Chapter 20 Theory 	4.0 Points

Question 44 of 50
	1.0 Points
The loss of concern for people with whom one is working, physical and emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal and professional accomplishments is often referred to as _____.
	A. Presenteeism 	
	B. Workaholism 	
	C. Anxiety 	
Correct 	D. Burnout 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Burnout is referred to as the loss of concern for people with whom one is working, physical and emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal and professional accomplishments. (p. 459 Section 20.6.3)
Question 45 of 50
	1.0 Points
Which personality type is sometimes linked with a predisposition to develop heart disease?
Correct 	A. Type A 	
	B. Type B 	
	C. Dependent personality 	
	D. Avoidant personality 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Good work! The Type A behaviour or personality pattern describes people with a high risk of chronic heart disease because of their stressful lifestyles, characterised by impatience, strict time schedules, competitiveness, being highly driven, being hostile in nature and overinvolvement
with work. See section 20.5.1.2 of the prescribed book.
Question 46 of 50
	1.0 Points
______ is characterised by persistent and recurrent episodes of sadness and depression, without any occurrence or history of manic or elated mood states.
	A. Major depressive disorder 	
	B. Endogenous depressive disorder 	
Incorrect 	C. Dysthymic depressive disorder 	
	D. Bipolar affective disorder 	

Answer Key: A
Feedback: Wrong, this description refers to major depressive disorder. See prescribed book section 20.5.5
Question 47 of 50
	1.0 Points
The term ______ is used to indicate “psychological absence” or employees who are physically present at work, but are not sufficiently motivated to be optimally productive, and just attend work to enjoy the benefits and advantages.
	A. absenteeism 	
	B. engagement 	
Incorrect 	C. undercommitment 	
	D. presenteeism 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: The term presenteeism is used to indicate “psychological absence” or employees who are physically present at work, but are not sufficiently motivated to be optimally productive, and just attend work to enjoy the benefits and advantages. See section 20.6.2 of your prescribed book.
Part 14 of 14 - Chapter 20 Application 	3.0 Points

Question 48 of 50
	1.0 Points
Disorganisation in most areas of a person's functioning and possibly the experience of delusions and hallucinations refer to _____ disorders.
	A. mood 	
	B. cognitive 	
	C. dissociative 	
Correct 	D. schizophrenic 	

Answer Key: D
Question 49 of 50
	1.0 Points
Frank has continually refused offers of promotion in his company, while Felicia has an intense need for promotion. Frank is displaying behaviour linked to ______ and Felicia is displaying behaviour linked to ______.
	A. overcommitment; undercommitment 	
	B. an A-type personality; undercommitment 	
	C. undercommitment; a B type personality 	
Correct 	D. undercommitment; overcommitment 	

Answer Key: D
Feedback: Chapter 20, textbook, section 20.6.3 - Frank seems to be undercommitted, whilst Felicia's behaviour can be related to overcommitment.
Question 50 of 50
	1.0 Points
Based on the theory related to psychological disorders, which of the following statements is LEAST correct?
	A. Subjective and social wellness are factors related to employee and organisational health.
	
	B. The work personality is part of personality and related to acquiring productive roles. 	
Correct 	C. Impaired work behaviours cannot be related to stress or psychological maladjustment. 	
	D. Organisational health relates to employee health and organisational factors. 	

Answer Key: C
Feedback: Sections 20.2 and 20.3